Important Articles for Judiciary Preparation in the Constitution of India
August 13, 2024
Overview: The Indian Constitution is of utmost importance for all Judiciary Aspirants. No matter which state you are targeting for Judiciary, Constitution holds a very important part in all stages of examination, be it Prelims, Mains or Interview. You will always have a lot questions from The Constitution of India.
In this article we will discuss:
- Importance of Constitution for your judiciary preparation
- Important Facts about the Constitution of India
- Important Articles for Judiciary Preparation
Certain provisions of the constitution, however, must be thoroughly understood by anyone wishing to practise law in India or pursue a profession in law. This article discusses several key characteristics and parts of the Indian Constitution that every legal student should be aware of.
This Article is a complete overview of all the important provisions and information that a Judicairy Aspirant must have for their preparation.
Must Know Facts of Indian Constitution:
- The Indian Constitution is the world's longest and most comprehensive constitution.
- The Preamble and Constitution of the United States of America influenced the Preamble and Constitution of India.
- Provisions related to Federal Scheme, Office of governor, Judiciary, Public Service Commissions, Emergency provisions and Administrative details were taken from the Government of India Act, 1935.
- Concurrent list, Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse and Joint-sitting of the two Houses of Parliament were borrowed from Australia.
- Federation with a strong Centre, Vesting of residuary powers in the Centre, Appointment of state governors by the Centre and Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court were borrowed from Canada.
- Directive Principles of State Policy and Method of election of the President were borrowed from Ireland.
- Fundamental duties and Ideals of justice (social, economic and political) in the Preamble were taken from Russia.
- Parliamentary form of Government, Rule of Law, Legislative procedure, Single Citizenship, Cabinet system, Prerogative writs, Parliamentary privileges and Bicameralism were adopted from UK.
- Fundamental rights, Independence of judiciary,Judicial review, Impeachment of the president, Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges and Post of Vice-President were adopted from US.
- Procedure for amendment in the Indian Constitution and Election of members of Rajya Sabha were adopted from South Africa.
Know More: Prepare for Indian Constitution
IMPORTANT ARTICLES IN INDIAN CONSTITUTION FOR JUDICIARY PREPARATION:
| ARTICLE | DETAILS |
| Article 1 - 4 | Name, Formation and Establishment of State |
| Article 12 - 35 | Deals with the fundamental rights of the constitution |
| Article 36 - 51 | Deals with the directive principles of state policy |
| Article 51A | Deals with the fundamental duties of every citizen of India |
| Article 52 -74 | President |
| Article 76 | Attorney–General for India |
| Article 79 | Constitution of Parliament |
| Article 80 | Deals with the seat matrix of the Rajya Sabha |
| Article 81 | Deals with the seat matrix of the Lok Sabha |
| Article 83 | Duration of Houses of Parliament |
| Article 93 | The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people |
| Article 105 | Powers, Privileges, etc. of the House of Parliament |
| Article 105 | Special procedure in respects of money bills |
| Article 110 | Definition of “Money Bills” |
| Article 112 | Annual Financial Budget |
| Article 114 | Appropriation Bills |
| Article 123 - 130 | Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances, Supreme Court |
| Article 136 | Special leaves for an appeal to the Supreme Court |
| Article 141 | Decision of the Supreme Court of India binding on all the courts |
| Article 148 | Comptroller and Auditor– General of India |
| Article 149 | Duties and Powers of CAG |
| Article 153, 154 | Governors of State, Executive Powers of Governor |
| Article 161 | Pardoning powers of the Governor |
| Article 165 | Advocate–General of the State |
| Article 213 - 215 | Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances, High Courts for states |
| Article 226 | Power of High Courts to issue certain writs |
| Article 233 | Appointment of District judges |
| Article 235 | Control over Subordinate Courts |
| Article 243 A | Gram Sabha |
| Article 243 B | Constitution of Panchayats |
| Article 266 | Consolidated Fund and Public Accounts Fund |
| Article 267 | Contingency Fund of India |
| Article 280 | Finance Commission |
| Article 300 A | Right to property |
| Article 301 - 302 | Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse |
| Article 312 | All– India–Service |
| Article 315 | Public service commissions for the union and for the states |
| Article 320 | Functions of Public Service Commission |
| Article 323 A | Administrative Tribunals |
| Article 324 - 326 | Superintendence, direction and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission |
| Article 338 | National Commission for the SC & ST |
| Article 340 | Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes |
| Article 343 | Provides Hindi as the official language |
| Article 352 | Proclamation of emergency (National Emergency) |
| Article 356 | Deals with the imposition of President’s rule in states |
| Article 360 | Financial Emergency |
| Article 361 | Protection of President and Governors |
| Article 368 | Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution |
| Article 370 | Deals with the special status of Kashmir (Repealed on August 5 & 6, 2019) |
| Article 395 | Repeals India Independence Act and Government of India Act, 1935 |
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Originally, the constitution had provided for 7 basic fundamental rights but now there are only six rights. The Right to Property U/A 31 was deleted from the list of fundamental rights by the 44th Amendment Act 1978. It made a legal right U/A 300-A in Part XII of the constitution.
Know more: Read Tips to Remember Articles of Indian Constitution
Important pointers on Constitution of India
- The Indian Constitution was not typed or printed in its original form. They were penned by hand and are currently maintained in a helium-filled cabinet in the Parliamentary Library.
- The initial copies of the Indian Constitution were authored by Prem Bihari Narain Raizada.
- The fundamental rights recognised by the Indian Constitution were adapted from the American Constitution's fundamental rights.
- The original copy of the Constitution of India was signed by 283 members of the Constituent Assembly.
- The Indian Constitution is one of the best and most prestigious constitutions in the world.
- The concept of the five-year plan was derived from the Soviet Union's or USSR's five-year planning commission (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).
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- In India's courts, around 2.18 crore cases are still pending and there are over 22.2 million persons on trial, more than the whole population of the Netherlands.
- The Indian Constitution was originally written in English and Hindi and was originally 1,17,369 words long in English.
- Artists from Shantiniketan adorned every page of India's Constitution.
- On December 9, 1946, the Constituent Assembly convened for the first time.It took about three years to write and complete the Indian Constitution.
- In the original draft of the Indian Constitution, almost 2,000 revisions were made.
- On November 26, 1949, the Indian Constitution's final draught was completed and on January 24, 1950, India's Constitution was signed and finally on January 26, 1950, the Indian Constitution became legally binding.
- The Indian Constitution incorporates various elements from the constitutions of other countries, including Japan, Germany, the Soviet Union, the United States of America, France, and others.
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Conclusion:
Constitution is important and having a conceptual command in it will always keep you one step ahead in your preparation. Therefore take every Article mentioned above seriously and memorise them along with important case laws and amendment.
All the best for judiciary preparation.