Updated On : April 3, 2023
CBSE and ICSE boards have reduced 30% of the economics syllabus for the academic year 2021 due to the nonfunctioning of schools. Therefore, it is important to go through the detailed revised Class 12 Economics Syllabus to better succeed in the exam.
This post takes you through the revised syllabus, marking scheme, and delete topics of the economics subject.
You will be studying the economy of nation or company that decides the rise and fall of that nation or organization which eventually affect the citizen of the country or the people of that particular organization in economics syllabus class 12 CBSE 2021.
In CBSE Class 12 Economics, the theory paper holds a weightage of 80 marks and the project work holds a weightage of 20 marks. The revised syllabus of class 12 economics is divided into three parts:
Part A: Macroeconomics having a weightage of 40 marks.
Part B: Indian Economic Development having a weightage of 40 marks.
part C: Project Work for 20 marks.
Go through the detailed syllabus of class 12 economics for Part A and plan your preparation accordingly.
Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates
Unit 2: Money and Banking
Enhance your preparation by solving Class 12 Economics Sample Papers on a weekly basis. Also, this will help you know the difficulty level of the paper and the type of questions asked in the exam.
Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment
Revised Class 12 Economics Syllabus PDF
Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy
Unit 5: Balance of Payments
Let us have a look at the detailed syllabus of Part B here.
Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991
Economic Reforms since 1991:
Features and appraisals of liberalization, globalization, and privatization (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST
Unit 7: Current challenges facing the Indian Economy
Unit 8: Development Experience of India
Scope of the project
Expected Checklist
At the end of the stipulated term, you will present the research work in the Project File to the External and Internal examiner. The questions should be asked from the Research Work/ Project File of the learner. The Internal Examiner should ensure that the study submitted by you is your own original work. In case of any doubt, authenticity should be checked and verified.
Marking Scheme: Marks are suggested to be given as:
Heading | Marks |
The relevance of the topic | 3 |
Knowledge Content/Research Work | 6 |
Presentation Technique | 3 |
Viva - voce | 8 |
Total | 20 |
Project Suggestions:
Let us have a look at the table below to know the marking scheme of the Economics Class 12 Syllabus.
Units | Marks | Periods |
Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics | Total - 40 | Total - 100 |
Unit-1: National Income and Related Aggregates | 10 | 28 |
Unit-2: Money and Banking | 6 | 15 |
Unit-3: Determination of Income and Employment | 12 | 27 |
Unit-4: Government Budget and the Economy | 6 | 15 |
Unit-5: Balance of Payments | 6 | 15 |
Part B: Indian Economic Development | Total - 40 | Total - 100 |
Unit-6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 | 12 | 28 |
Unit-7:Current Challenges facing Indian Economy | 22 | 60 |
Unit-8: Development Experience of India - A Comparison with Neighbours | 06 | 12 |
Theory Paper (40 + 40 = 80 Marks) | ||
Part C: Project Work | 20 | 20 |
Due to the currents situation, few topics have been removed from the Economics syllabus. The deleted syllabus of economics class 12 CBSE 2021 are listed below:
Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics
The following topics are deleted from Part A Economics Class 12 Syllabus of the CBSE board.
Deleted CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus PDF
You can refer to the following books while preparing for the class 12 economics syllabus.
Book Name | Author | Price |
Accountancy (Part A) Vol. I, Class –XII | D K Goel and Rajesh Goel | Rs. 495 |
Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Class 12 Accountancy Book Chapterwise & Topicwise Includes Objective Types & MCQ's (For 2021 Exam) | Oswaal |
Rs. 400 |
Case Studies Mentor in Business Studies | Alka Dhawan | Rs. 285 |
Introductory Macroeconomics for Class 12 (Examination 2021) | Sandeep Garg | Rs. 290 |
CBSE Chapter-wise solved papers | Arihant | Rs. 597 |
ICSE Class 12 Syllabus emphasizes more on your analytical and practical approach. It is difficult to score in ICSE as compared to CBSE board examinations.
The significant shortening of the academic year has compelled the board authorities to reduce the ICSE Class 12 Economics syllabus to maintain linear progression across classes while retaining the core concepts.
Marks Allocation: Marks are allotted in three different parts :
Note: Part I and Part II will combine to form the theory exam.
Have a look at the complete ICSE Class 12 Commerce Syllabus for Economics subject below.
Unit-1: Micro Economic Theory
(i) Demand: meaning, factors affecting demand; Demand function; Law of Demand; derivation of demand curve; movement and shift of the demand curve; exceptions to the Law of Demand. Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, Law of Equimarginal Utility, consumer’s equilibrium through utility approach (Cardinal), and indifference curve analysis (Ordinal). The concept of demand: meaning. A demand function to be specified incorporating the determinants of demand. Diagrams should be used in explaining the Law of Demand, reasons for the downward slope of the demand curve, its derivation using demand schedule. Derivation of the market demand curve from the individual demand curve.
(a) Cardinal Utility Analysis: the meaning of utility, total utility, marginal utility, the relationship of TU and MU, Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility (schedule and diagram, Only assumptions to be taught, criticisms not required), Consumer’s equilibrium – one commodity (schedule and diagram), Law of Equimarginal Utility (statement, schedule) and conditions of consumer’s equilibrium using the marginal utility.
Revised ICSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus PDF
(b) Ordinal Utility Analysis: Indifference Curve – it is meaning and properties (including MRS and DMRS), indifference map, consumer’s budget line, Consumer’s equilibrium – condition (to be explained with the help of a diagram).
(ii) Elasticity of demand: meaning, types of elasticity of demand, measurement of elasticity of demand; factors affecting elasticity of demand. Various methods of measurement of the elasticity of demand: point method - percentage method, expenditure method, and geometric method. (Numericals required on percentage method only). The cross and income elasticity of demand must be explained. Degrees of elasticity of demand to be explained. Use diagrams wherever necessary.
(iii) Supply: meaning; the difference between stock and supply; determinants of supply; Law of Supply; movement and shift of the supply curve; elasticity of supply Difference between stock (intended supply) and supply (actual supply) with the help of relevant examples. A supply function should 83 be specified and explained. Law of Supply, supply schedule, and supply curve. Derivation of the market supply curve from individual supply curve. Movement and shift of the supply curve, exceptions to the Law of Supply. The elasticity of Supply: Meaning and measurement of elasticity of supply by percentage method and geometric method.
(iv) Market Mechanism: Equilibrium and disequilibrium; Equilibrium price and effect of changes in demand and supply on the equilibrium price. Simple applications of tools of demand and supply. A basic understanding of the concept of equilibrium. The effects of changes in demand and supply - both along the curves and shift of the curves to be explained. Basic understanding of Price control, rationing, Price ceiling, and Floor price with the help of demand and supply curves.
(v) Concept of production and production function (short-run and long-run production function), returns to a factor, total, average, and marginal physical products; Law of Variable Proportions and its three stages. A production function (concept only). Law of Variable Proportions: statement, assumptions, schedule (for the purpose of understanding and not for testing), diagram, and explanation to the three stages.
(vi) Cost and revenue: Basic concepts of cost; fixed cost, the variable cost, total cost, marginal cost, and average cost – their relationships; opportunity cost; short-run and long-run cost curves. Revenue: meaning; average revenue, marginal revenue, and total revenue and their relationships under perfect competition and imperfect competition, Producer’s equilibrium. Basic concepts – private cost, economic cost, social cost, money cost, real cost, explicit cost, implicit cost. Cost concepts – Fixed cost, the variable cost, total cost, marginal cost, the average cost with schedule and diagram; the relationship between average cost, marginal cost, total cost (only concepts of long-run and short-run cost curves, derivations not required). Opportunity cost – meaning only. Difference between accounting cost and opportunity cost. Revenue – Average revenue, marginal revenue, total revenue – concepts, and relationships under perfect competition and imperfect competition. Producer’s equilibrium (Profit maximization goal) – meaning; conditions: (a) TR and TC approach along with diagram (b) MR and MC approach along with a diagram.
(vii) Main market forms: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly, monopsony; characteristics of the various market forms; equilibrium of a firm in perfect competition under the short run and long run. Features of perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly, and monopsony (meaning only). Equilibrium of a firm in perfect competition under short-run (explanation and diagram, shut down point and break-even point) and long-run (diagram not required).
Unit-2: Theory of Income and Employment
Basic concepts and determination of Income and Employment. The concept of demand (ex-ante) and effective (export) demand. Aggregate demand and its components, propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal), equilibrium output; investment multiplier (it is meaning and mechanism). Meaning of full employment. Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them.
Unit-3: Money and Banking
(i) Money: meaning, functions of money, the supply of money. Meaning, kinds of money, functions of money (primary, secondary, and contingent) to be explained; supply of money (the only meaning of M1, M2, M3 & M4).
(ii) Banks: functions of the commercial bank; high powered money, credit creation by commercial banks; Central Bank: functions. Basic understanding of the functions of commercial banks, credit creation process with limitation. The regulatory role of the Central Bank, its functions, and the way it 84 controls the flow of credit needs to be explained. A brief mention may be made of quantitative CRR, SLR, Bank Rate policy (repo rate and reverse repo rates), and Open Market Operations) and qualitative methods.
Unit-4: Balance of Payment and Exchange Rate
Balance of Payment – meaning, components; foreign exchange – meaning, determination of exchange rate (Flexible). Balance of Payment - Meaning and components; Causes of disequilibrium and how the disequilibrium can be corrected; Foreign Exchange Rate – meaning, meaning of fixed and flexible exchange rate, determination of exchange rate in a free market. Concepts of depreciation, appreciation, devaluation, and revaluation (meaning only).
Unit-5: Public Finance
(i) Fiscal Policy: meaning and instruments of fiscal policy. Meaning and instruments of fiscal policy – Public Revenue: Meaning, taxes (Meaning and types), the difference between direct and indirect taxes; Public Expenditure: Meaning and importance; Public Debt: Meaning and redemption; Deficit Financing: meaning.
Unit-6: National Income
(i) Circular flow of Income. A simple model explaining the circular flow of income with two, three, and four sector models with leakages and injections.
(ii) Concepts and definition of NY, GNP, GDP, NNP, private income, personal income, personal disposable income, National Disposable Income, and per capita income; the relationship between the income concepts. A brief understanding of the mentioned national income aggregates is needed. The concepts of GNP and NNP should be explained both at factor cost and market prices, real GDP and nominal GDP, National Disposable Income (Gross and Net), GDP and Welfare, GDP as an indicator of economic welfare.
(iii)Methods of measuring National Income: product or value-added method; income method and expenditure method with simple numerical based on them. Simple numerical based on all the methods to be covered for a better understanding of the concept. Precautions and difficulties of measuring National Income for each method.
You will be expected to complete two projects from any topic covered in the theory syllabus. The practical work will be assessed by the teacher and a Visiting Examiner appointed locally and approved by the Council.
Marking Scheme: Marks are suggested to be given as:
Heading | Marks |
Overall Format | 1 |
Content | 4 |
Findings | 2 |
Viva-voce based on project | 3 |
Note: Mark allocation for each Project is 10 marks.
A list of suggested projects is given below:
Demographic features
Consumption Pattern – Expenditure on necessities, comforts, and luxuries.
Occupational structure
Performance of the Public Sector and Private Sector
Operational strategies adopted by budget/low-cost carriers
NOTE: No question paper for Practical work will be set by the Council.
Let us have a look at the table below to know the important books for the preparation of class 12 Economics Syllabus ICSE.
Publisher Name | 12th commerce book CBSE | Class 12 commerce books price |
NCERT | Introductory Microeconomics | Rs. 65/- |
NCERT | Vyashthi Arthshastra- a textbook for class 12 | Rs. 70/- |
NCERT | Introductory Macroeconomics | Rs. 100/- |
NCERT | Samashti Arthashastra book for class 12 economics | Rs. 105/- |
Note that the syllabus of Class 12 Economics for the next academic year i.e. 2022 will remain the same as the 2019 syllabus. Let us have a look at the detailed Economics syllabus of Class 12 of both CBSE and ICSE boards from the table below.
Board | Economics Syllabus 2022 |
CBSE | Download PDF |
ICSE | Download PDF |
Frequently Asked Questions
How much portion is reduced in Class 12 Economics syllabus?
The syllabus size has been reduced by the authorities due to a shortage of instructional hours. 30% of the syllabus from the syllabus of the session 2019 -2020 is reduced this year.
What is the marking scheme in ISCE board for class 12 economics?
The Theory paper (80 marks) consists of two parts:
Is there any chance of further reduction in syllabus?
Which are the popular projects for ICSE 12 Economics?
The list of most popular projects for ICSE 12 Economics are:
What are the important topics that need to be prepared under CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus?
What is the CBSE deleted syllabus of economics class 12?
How many units are there in the new syllabus of economics class 12 CBSE 2021?