Daily Current Affairs- 6th October 2025

Daily Current Affairs- 6th October 2025

Rajasthan’s First Namo Biodiversity Park Inaugurated in Alwar

In the News: Rajasthan’s first Namo Biodiversity Park was inaugurated in Alwar ni October 2025, marking a major step toward ecological restoration and green development in the state. The park aims to conserve native species, enhance biodiversity awareness, and promote sustainable eco-tourism in the Aravalli region.

Key Points:

• Inauguration: The Namo Biodiversity Park in Alwar was inaugurated by Rajasthan Chief Minister Bhajan Lal Sharma in the presence of Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav
• Objective: The park seeks to preserve the unique flora and fauna of the Aravalli hills, focusing on native and endangered species conservation.
• Location and Area: Spread over 85 acres in the Aravalli foothills near Tijara, the park has been developed under the “Green Rajasthan Mission.”
• Significance: The park is designed to combat desertification, restore degraded land, and strengthen ecological balance in one of India’s oldest mountain ranges.
• Public and Educational Role: It includes herbal gardens, butterfly zones, medicinal plant trails, and an interpretation center to educate visitors about biodiversity and conservation practices.
• Integration with National Initiatives: The park aligns with national environmental programs such as the “Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam” campaign and the “Aravalli Green Wall Project,” amplifying Rajasthan’s contribution to India’s green goals.

ICGS Akshar Commissioned

In the News: The Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Akshar was commissioned at Chennai, marking a significant addition to India’s maritime security capabilities. The vessel enhances the Indian Coast Guard’s operational reach in coastal surveillance, search and rescue, and anti-smuggling missions, aligning with the government’s vision of strengthening the nation’s blue economy and coastal safety framework.

Key Points:

• Commissioning Event: ICGS Akshar was commissioned by Director General Rakesh Pal, Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, at Chennai in the presence of senior defence and shipbuilding officials.
• Builder and Design: The vessel has been indigenously built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, under the ‘Make in India’ initiative, showcasing India’s growing self-reliance in defence manufacturing.
• Vessel Class and Capabilities: Akshar is the latest in the series of Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessels (AOPVs) equipped with state-of-the-art navigation, communication, and surveillance systems, capable of sustaining extended missions in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
• Operational Role: The ship will conduct surveillance, anti-smuggling, anti-poaching, and pollution response operations, while also supporting humanitarian assistance and disaster relief along India’s eastern seaboard.
• Crew and Facilities: The 105-metre-long vessel accommodates a crew of 15 officers and 100 sailors and is fitted with integral boats and a helicopter deck to enhance response capability.
• Strategic Importance: The commissioning strengthens India’s maritime domain awareness and contributes to coastal security in the Bay of Bengal, supporting initiatives such as SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region).
• Environmental Commitment: In line with green shipbuilding standards, Akshar features energy-efficient systems and pollution control mechanisms, reflecting the Coast Guard’s focus on sustainable maritime .

BRO Builds World’s Highest Road at 19,400 ft

In the News:  The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) achieved a historic milestone by constructing the world’s highest motorable road at an altitude of 19,400 feet in eastern Ladakh. The road, built under Project Himank, connects the Chisumle-Demchok sector and surpasses the previous record held by the Umling La Pass road, reinforcing India’s infrastructure dominance in high-altitude border regions.

Key Points:

• Project Achievement: The 55-km-long stretch, developed by the Border Roads Organisation, now holds the Guinness World Record for being the highest motorable road globally, surpassing the earlier record of 19,024 feet.
• Strategic Importance: The road enhances all-weather connectivity to forward military posts near the Line of Actual Control (LAC), strengthening India’s defence preparedness and border logistics in the sensitive Ladakh region.
• Engineering Feat: Constructing at such altitude posed extreme challenges due to sub-zero temperatures, low oxygen, and rugged terrain, yet the BRO completed the project using specialized machinery and eco-friendly construction practices.
• National Significance: The road will improve mobility for the armed forces and local residents, while also opening new avenues for eco-tourism and scientific expeditions in high-altitude areas.
• Environmental Focus: BRO incorporated sustainable techniques to minimize ecological impact, ensuring slope stabilization and reduced carbon footprint through cold mix technologies.
• Broader Vision: The project aligns with India’s ‘Viksit Bharat 2047’ and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ missions by showcasing indigenous capability in extreme engineering and enhancing strategic mobility across the northern frontiers.

Nobel Prize 2025 in Medicine Awarded to Brunkow, Ramsdell & Sakaguchi

In the News: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Christopher Brunkow, Stephen Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries related to regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune tolerance. Their pioneering research unveiled how the immune system prevents self-attack, paving the way for revolutionary therapies in autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer immunology.

Key Points:

• Award Announcement: The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm announced the 2025 Medicine Prize to Brunkow, Ramsdell, and Sakaguchi for elucidating the genetic and cellular mechanisms that maintain immune balance through regulatory T cells.
• Scientific Contribution: The trio’s work uncovered the crucial role of the FOXP3 gene in the development and function of Tregs, explaining how immune tolerance is maintained and how its disruption leads to autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
• Clinical Impact: Their discoveries have led to transformative therapeutic approaches, including Treg-based cell therapies and immune-modulating drugs designed to restore self-tolerance and control inflammation.
• Research Milestone: Sakaguchi first identified regulatory T cells in the 1990s, while Brunkow and Ramsdell later confirmed the genetic basis through FOXP3 mutations in both humans and animal models, linking gene defects to severe autoimmune syndromes.
• Global Relevance: Their findings have reshaped immunology by bridging basic science and medical application, influencing treatments for autoimmune diseases, allergies, organ rejection, and cancer immunotherapy.
• Nobel Context: The 2025 award continues the Nobel tradition of recognizing discoveries with deep clinical and societal impact, highlighting the intersection of molecular genetics and immune regulation.

68th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference: India’s Participation

In the News: India actively participated in the 68th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference (CPC) held in Wellington, New Zealand, from September 30 to October 6, 2025. The conference, convened by the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA), focused on the theme “Parliamentary Leadership for a Sustainable, Peaceful, and Prosperous Commonwealth.” India’s participation reaffirmed its commitment to strengthening democratic institutions, fostering multilateral dialogue, and advancing inclusive development across the Commonwealth.

Key Points:

• Conference Overview: The 68th CPC brought together delegates from over 180 parliaments and legislatures to deliberate on global challenges such as climate change, gender equality, digital governance, and peacebuilding through legislative cooperation.
• Indian Delegation: The Indian delegation was led by Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla and included Members of Parliament from both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, along with senior parliamentary officials.
• Key Address: Speaker Om Birla emphasized the importance of democratic accountability, citizen-centric governance, and technology-driven transparency, highlighting India’s Digital Public Infrastructure and parliamentary reforms.
• Major Discussions: India contributed to sessions on strengthening women’s representation in legislatures, achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and promoting inter-parliamentary diplomacy to resolve global conflicts peacefully.
• Bilateral Engagements: On the sidelines, the Indian delegation met with parliamentary leaders from the UK, Australia, Singapore, and Canada to explore collaboration in legislative research, digital lawmaking, and youth participation.
• Broader Vision: India’s engagement underscored its leadership in the Global South, advocating democratic inclusivity, climate action, and equitable growth, aligning with its vision of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”—the world as one family.

Poland Joins NATO Fuel Pipeline Network After 25 Years

In the News: Poland officially joined NATO’s Central Europe Pipeline System (CEPS), marking its integration into the alliance’s strategic fuel distribution network after 25 years of preparation and coordination. The move enhances NATO’s operational resilience and energy security across Eastern Europe amid heightened geopolitical tensions and efforts to strengthen logistical cooperation among member states.

Key Points:

• Historic Integration: Poland’s accession to the NATO pipeline network came after extensive infrastructure upgrades and compliance with alliance standards, making it the first major expansion of CEPS in over two decades.
• Pipeline Network Overview: The CEPS spans more than 5,300 kilometers across Europe, supplying jet fuel, diesel, and other petroleum products to NATO airbases, military facilities, and partner nations during peacetime and operations.
• Strategic Importance: By joining the network, Poland enhances NATO’s eastern logistical corridor, ensuring faster, safer, and uninterrupted fuel delivery to troops and air operations along the alliance’s eastern flank bordering Ukraine and Belarus.
• Energy Security Dimension: The integration reduces reliance on external fuel suppliers and supports collective defense objectives, particularly amid evolving security challenges posed by Russia’s continued military assertiveness in the region.
• National Preparedness: Poland’s state-owned company PERN S.A. will manage domestic integration of the network, overseeing maintenance, storage, and coordination with NATO’s Allied Command for logistics.
• Geopolitical Context: The development aligns with NATO’s broader efforts to fortify supply chains, diversify energy routes, and ensure operational self-sufficiency under the NATO 2030 strategic framework.

India Calls for UN Reforms at 80th UNGA Session

In the News: At the 80th Session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in New York in September 2025, India renewed its call for comprehensive reforms of the UN system, particularly the Security Council, to reflect contemporary global realities. India emphasized that outdated structures no longer represent the geopolitical balance of the 21st century and reiterated its demand for a permanent seat in an expanded and reformed Security Council as part of the G4 grouping along with Japan, Germany, and Brazil.

Key Points:

• India’s Address: External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar, representing India at the UNGA, underscored the need for democratization of global governance institutions, arguing that the current UN framework reflects a post-1945 world order that fails to address present-day challenges such as climate change, terrorism, pandemics, and digital inequality.
• Call for Security Council Reform: India urged the early implementation of Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN) on Security Council reforms, advocating for greater representation of developing nations from Asia, Africa, and Latin America in both permanent and non-permanent categories.
• Principles Emphasized: Dr. Jaishankar highlighted the principles of multilateralism, equity, and inclusivity as the foundation for a reformed UN, noting that true legitimacy can only come from equal participation and shared responsibility.
• Global South Leadership: India reaffirmed its role as a voice of the Global South, calling for reforms that ensure fair representation of emerging economies and developing countries in decision-making bodies.
• Alignment with India’s Global Vision: The speech reflected India’s broader diplomatic agenda of promoting “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (One Earth, One Family, One Future), aligning with the themes of India’s G20 Presidency and advocacy for a multipolar world.
• Support and Partnerships: India’s stance received support from several G4 and African nations who echoed the need for reform, citing the inequities of the current veto-based system that hinders timely action on pressing global crises.

Bitcoin Hits All-Time High Above $125,000 Amid Market Optimism

In the News: Bitcoin surged to a record high above $125,000, driven by renewed investor optimism, growing institutional adoption, and increasing confidence in the broader cryptocurrency market. The rally reflects heightened expectations surrounding spot Bitcoin ETFs, easing inflation concerns, and the strengthening perception of Bitcoin as a hedge against macroeconomic uncertainty and currency depreciation.

Key Points:

• Record-Breaking Milestone: Bitcoin reached a new all-time high of over $125,000, surpassing its previous peak from March 2025. The surge marks a 40% increase over the past quarter, fueled by institutional inflows and strong retail participation.
• Market Drivers: The rally was supported by the approval of new Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) across major global markets, enabling easier institutional access and expanding mainstream adoption. Investor confidence also grew amid stabilization in U.S. interest rates and renewed demand for digital assets.
• Institutional Involvement: Leading investment firms, pension funds, and corporate treasuries expanded their Bitcoin holdings, citing its long-term value potential and portfolio diversification benefits.
• Macroeconomic Context: With inflation easing in major economies and geopolitical uncertainties persisting, Bitcoin’s appeal as “digital gold” strengthened, leading to a rotation of capital from traditional assets into cryptocurrencies.
• Regulatory Developments: Several governments, including the U.S., Singapore, and the UAE, announced clearer frameworks for digital assets, which improved transparency and boosted market confidence.
• Altcoin and Market Impact: The rally had a ripple effect across the cryptocurrency ecosystem, with Ethereum, Solana, and other major altcoins also recording double-digit gains, pushing total crypto market capitalization above $3.5 trillion.

India’s Best-Ever Medal Haul at World Para Athletics Championships 2025

In the News: India registered its best-ever performance at the World Para Athletics Championships 2025, held in Kobe, Japan, securing a record 38 medals — including 15 gold, 11 silvers, and 12 bronze. This historic achievement marked India’s emergence as a global force in para-athletics, surpassing its previous best of 29 medals at the 2023 edition in Paris. The performance reflected the growing strength of India’s para-sports ecosystem and its commitment to inclusivity and excellence in sports.

Key Points:

• Historic Achievement: India finished fourth in the overall medal standings, marking its highest-ever ranking in the history of the World Para Athletics Championships and setting new benchmarks for future global competitions.
• Star Performers: Sumit Antil, Devendra Jhajharia, Deepthi Jeevanji, Nishad Kumar, and Mariyappan Thangavelu led India’s medal charge with record-breaking performances in javelin throw, high jump, and sprint events, drawing international acclaim.
• Event Highlights: Deepthi Jeevanji set a new world record in the women’s 400m T20 category, while Sumit Antil retained his world title in the F64 javelin throw event with a championship record.
• Team Effort and Preparation: The Indian contingent of 73 para-athletes represented the nation’s largest-ever delegation to the Championships, supported by the Sports Authority of India (SAI) and the Paralympic Committee of India (PCI).
• Government and Institutional Support: The stellar performance was attributed to enhanced training facilities under the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS), improved sports science support, and international exposure initiatives by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• National Recognition: Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya lauded the athletes for their determination, resilience, and contribution to India’s growing sporting legacy.

Vyommitra: India’s Humanoid Robot for Gaganyaan Mission

In the News: India’s semi-humanoid robot Vyommitra is set to play a pivotal role in the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) Gaganyaan Mission, the country’s first human spaceflight program. Developed by ISRO’s Human Spaceflight Centre (HSFC), Vyommitra is designed to simulate human functions and assist astronauts in space operations, serving as a precursor to India’s first crewed orbital mission scheduled for 2026.

Key Points:

• Project Overview: Vyommitra, whose name is derived from Sanskrit meaning “space friend,” is a female-looking humanoid robot created to operate in microgravity environments, conduct experiments, and communicate with ground control during uncrewed test flights of the Gaganyaan Mission.
• Technological Capabilities: The robot can monitor environmental parameters such as cabin pressure, oxygen levels, and temperature, and replicate human gestures, speech, and facial expressions. It can also perform switch operations, respond to commands, and convey data back to mission control.
• Role in Gaganyaan: Vyommitra will be onboard the uncrewed Gaganyaan test missions to assess life-support systems, crew module performance, and safety mechanisms before human astronauts undertake the final mission.
• Design and Development: Built indigenously by ISRO’s Inertial Systems Unit and Human Spaceflight Centre, Vyommitra integrates artificial intelligence, robotics, and sensor technologies to enable human-like interactions and autonomous decision-making in space.
• Testing and Integration: The humanoid underwent extensive testing in simulated space environments and will participate in forthcoming crew module and abort test flights to validate its operational reliability in orbital conditions.
• Strategic Importance: The deployment of Vyommitra symbolizes India’s growing technological maturity in human spaceflight and robotics, aligning with ISRO’s roadmap for sustained space exploration, including the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station by 2035.

India’s Dhvani Hypersonic Missile

In the News: India successfully tested its indigenous hypersonic missile system named Dhvani, marking a major leap in next-generation defence technology. The missile, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), demonstrated sustained hypersonic flight capability, positioning India among the few nations with operational hypersonic weapon technology alongside the United States, Russia, and China.

Key Points:

• Test Overview: The test of the Dhvani hypersonic missile was conducted from Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Island off the coast of Odisha. The missile achieved speeds exceeding Mach 6, validating its scramjet propulsion system and precision-guidance capability.
• Technological Milestone: Dhvani integrates advanced scramjet engine technology with composite airframe materials capable of withstanding extreme aerodynamic heating, enabling stable flight at altitudes above 30 kilometers.
• Development and Design: Conceived under DRDO’s Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV) program, Dhvani represents India’s transition from experimental hypersonic platforms to deployable weapon systems designed for rapid-response strategic deterrence
• Operational Role: The missile is intended for both conventional and strategic missions, capable of striking high-value targets with unparalleled speed and maneuverability, significantly reducing enemy reaction time.
• Strategic Significance: The success of Dhvani enhances India’s deterrence capabilities and strengthens its position within the global hypersonic race, supporting the broader “Aatmanirbhar Bharat” initiative in defence innovation.
• Collaborative Effort: The project involved coordination between DRDO’s Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), and the Indian Air Force, emphasizing self-reliance in propulsion and guidance systems.

Pandit Chhannulal Mishra: Thumri Maestro Passes Away

In the News: Renowned Hindustani classical vocalist Pandit Chhannulal Mishra, one of India’s most celebrated exponents of the Banaras Gharana, passed away at the age of 89 in Varanasi. Revered for his mastery over Thumri, Dadra, and Khayal, his passing marks the end of an era in Indian classical music, leaving behind an enduring legacy that enriched India’s cultural and spiritual heritage.

Key Points:

• Early Life and Training: Born on August 3, 1936, in Hariharpur village of Azamgarh district, Uttar Pradesh, Pandit Chhannulal Mishra was trained under Ustad Abdul Ghani Khan and Pandit Bade Ram Das Ji of the Banaras Gharana, mastering the rich and emotive style of Hindustani classical music.
• Musical Legacy: Known as the “Thumri Maestro,” he popularized semi-classical genres such as Thumri, Dadra, and Kajri, blending emotional depth with technical precision and bringing Banaras’s musical traditions to global audiences.
• Artistic Contribution: His renditions were deeply rooted in spirituality and devotion, often drawing from the poetry of saints and regional folk traditions, earning him a place among India’s foremost cultural icons.
• Awards and Recognition: He was a recipient of the Padma Bhushan (2010) and Padma Vibhushan (2019), two of India’s highest civilian honours, in recognition of his lifelong contribution to Hindustani classical music.
• Association with Kashi: Pandit Mishra’s music embodied the cultural essence of Varanasi, where he spent most of his life performing and teaching, serving as a bridge between classical purity and contemporary appeal .
• National Tributes: Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Droupadi Murmu paid tribute to the maestro, calling him a “torchbearer of Indian classical heritage” whose art reflected the soul of India’s cultural identity.

Indian Coast Guard Conducts 10th NATPOLREX Off Chennai Coast

In the News: The Indian Coast Guard conducted the 10th edition of the National Pollution Response Exercise (NATPOLREX-X) off the coast of Chennai. The large-scale exercise aimed to evaluate and enhance India’s marine pollution response capabilities, strengthening inter-agency coordination and operational readiness for managing oil spills and marine environmental hazards in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

Key Points:

• Exercise Overview: NATPOLREX-X was organized by the Indian Coast Guard under the aegis of the National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOSDCP) to assess preparedness for responding to oil spill emergencies in Indian waters.
• Participants: The exercise witnessed the participation of representatives from the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Shipping, Indian Navy, Indian Air Force, state maritime boards, port authorities, and major oil companies, demonstrating the integrated approach to maritime safety.
• Operational Demonstration: The sea exercise featured coordinated deployment of pollution response vessels, aircraft, and oil containment booms, showcasing the Coast Guard’s capability in containment, recovery, and disposal of spilled oil in real-time simulated conditions.
• International Presence: Observers from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), Japan Coast Guard, and representatives of neighbouring maritime nations attended the event, reinforcing India’s commitment to regional cooperation in marine environmental protection.
• Environmental Focus: The exercise underscored India’s zero-tolerance policy toward marine pollution and its emphasis on sustainable ocean governance under global frameworks such as MARPOL and the UNCLOS conventions.
• Technological Integration: Modern response equipment, including skimmers, dispersant spray systems, and pollution control drones, were demonstrated as part of India’s evolving marine response infrastructure.
• Strategic Importance: NATPOLREX-X highlighted the Indian Coast Guard’s role as the national authority for oil spill response, strengthening India’s preparedness to protect its 7,500 km coastline, blue economy, and marine biodiversity from ecological threats.

Exercise Konkan 2025 Begins Off India’s West Coast

In the News: The India–United Kingdom bilateral naval exercise Konkan 2025 commenced off India’s western coast. The exercise aims to strengthen maritime cooperation, interoperability, and mutual understanding between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy, underscoring the growing strategic partnership between the two nations in the Indo-Pacific region.

Key Points:

• Exercise Overview: Konkan 2025 is part of a long-standing series of annual naval engagements between India and the UK, designed to enhance operational synergy and tactical coordination in maritime security operations.
• Participating Units: The Indian Navy was represented by INS Chennai and maritime patrol aircraft P-8I, while the Royal Navy deployed HMS Portland, along with integral helicopters and support vessels for advanced joint manoeuvres.
• Operational Focus: The exercise features complex surface, anti-submarine, and air warfare drills, including coordinated replenishment at sea, communication exercises, and cross-deck helicopter operations to refine real-time coordination.
• Strategic Context: The exercise highlights shared priorities of freedom of navigation, regional stability, and maritime domain awareness in the broader Indo-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions.
• Defence Diplomacy: Konkan 2025 reinforces India’s growing maritime cooperation with Western allies under its SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) vision and the UK’s ‘Global Britain’ policy focused on Indo-Pacific engagement.
• Technological Exchange: The exercise provides a platform for both navies to exchange best practices in advanced naval tactics, cyber-security, and joint humanitarian and disaster relief operations.