Daily Current Affairs- 30th December 2025

Daily Current Affairs- 30th December 2025

INSV Kaundinya Begins Maiden Voyage to Oman

In the News: The Indian Naval Sailing Vessel (INSV) Kaundinya embarked on its historic maiden overseas voyage from Porbandar, Gujarat, to Muscat, Oman. The vessel, built using ancient Indian stitched-ship techniques dating back to the 5th century CE, was formally flagged off by Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Western Naval Command, in the presence of Issa Saleh Al Shibani, Ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman to India. This wind-powered expedition retraces ancient maritime trade routes connecting India with the Indian Ocean world, marking a major milestone in India's efforts to revive, understand, and celebrate its ancient maritime heritage.

Key Points:

• Voyage Launch - December 29, 2025: INSV Kaundinya sailed on its maiden overseas voyage on Monday, December 29, 2025, from Porbandar, Gujarat, to Muscat, capital of the Sultanate of Oman. The vessel was formally flagged off by Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Naval Command, in the august presence of His Excellency Issa Saleh Al Shibani, Ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman to India, along with senior officers of the Indian Navy and distinguished guests.
• Journey Details and Duration: The voyage covers a distance of approximately 1,400 kilometers across the Arabian Sea from Gujarat's western coast to Oman. The vessel is expected to reach Muscat after an estimated 8-10 days to two weeks (15 days) at sea, depending on wind and weather conditions.
• Design Inspiration - 5th Century CE Ajanta Caves: The ship's design is based on a 5th-century CE merchant ship depicted in the murals of Cave 17 of the Ajanta Caves complex in Maharashtra. Inspired by historical sources and iconographic evidence from these ancient paintings, the vessel represents India's rich legacy of indigenous shipbuilding, seamanship, and oceanic navigation.
• Tripartite Project Partnership: The stitched ship project was initiated through a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed in July 2023 between the Indian Ministry of Culture, the Indian Navy, and Goa-based shipbuilding company M/s Hodi Innovations (OPC) Private Limited, as part of India's efforts to rediscover and revive indigenous knowledge systems. The vessel was built by traditional artisans under the guidance of master shipwright Babu Sankaran from Kerala and builder Prathamesh Dandekar.
• Cultural and Symbolic Features: The newly inducted vessel incorporates several culturally significant features evoking India's rich maritime traditions. The sails display motifs of the Gandabherunda (a two-headed eagle associated with the ancient Kadamba dynasty) and the Sun. The bow bears a sculpted Simha Yali (a mythical lion figure from Indian iconography). A symbolic Harappan-style stone anchor adorns the deck, connecting to India's ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Each element evokes the rich maritime traditions and cultural heritage of ancient India, creating a tangible link to the country's oceanic past.
• Naming After Legendary Mariner Kaundinya: The vessel is named after Kaundinya (also known as Kaundinya I), a legendary first-century Indian mariner who is believed to have sailed from India across the Indian Ocean to Southeast Asia in ancient times. Kaundinya married Queen Soma of Funan (which comprised most of present-day Cambodia) and became the second king of the Funan kingdom.
• Crew Composition and Leadership: Commander Vikas Sheoran will skipper the vessel as its Commanding Officer. Commander Y. Hemant Kumar, who has been associated with the project since its conceptualization, will serve as the Officer-in-Charge of the expedition. The crew comprises four officers and thirteen naval sailors (total 17 personnel).
• Strengthening India-Oman Bilateral Relations: The arrival of INSV Kaundinya in Muscat will serve as a powerful symbol of the enduring bonds of friendship, mutual trust, and respect that have linked the two maritime nations for centuries. The voyage highlights deep historical connections between Gujarat and Oman specifically, reflecting a legacy of cooperation that continues to the present day.

Israel Announces Peace Prize for Donald Trump In 2026

In the News: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that President Donald Trump will receive the Israel Prize in 2026, making him the first American to receive Israel's highest civilian honor. The historic announcement was made during a meeting between Trump and Netanyahu at Mar-a-Lago, Florida, where Israeli Education Minister Yoav Kisch informed Trump of the decision via phone call.

Key Points:

• Historic Announcement: Education Minister Yoav Kisch announced on December 29, 2025, that President Trump will receive the Israel Prize under the category "special contribution to the Jewish people." This marks the first time in Israel's nearly 80-year history that the award will be given to a non-Israeli citizen (with one previous exception: Indian conductor Zubin Mehta in 1991).
• Award Category and Justification: Trump will receive the award for his "work in the fight against antisemitism, his contribution to promoting the return of the hostages to Israel, the recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and his consistent support for the right of the State of Israel to defend itself."
• Award Ceremony Details: The Israel Prize is traditionally awarded on the eve of Israel's Independence Day, scheduled for April 21-22, 2026. Trump indicated he would consider attending the ceremony in Jerusalem to accept the award in person, stating "I look forward to meeting you."
• Breaking Tradition: Netanyahu emphasized that Israel decided to "break a convention" by awarding the prize to a non-Israeli. The Israel Prize regulations normally require recipients to be Israeli citizens or residents, with exceptions only for "candidates for the Israel Prize for Diaspora Jewry and/or for a special contribution to the Jewish people."
• About the Israel Prize: Established in 1953, the Israel Prize is Israel's highest civilian honor, awarded annually on Independence Day to individuals who have excelled in various fields or made exceptional contributions to the nation. The prize is overseen by the Education Ministry.     

Supreme Court Pauses Aravalli Hills Order, Seeks Fresh Expert Review

In the News: Supreme Court of India stayed its own November 20, 2025 judgment on the definition of the Aravalli Hills, acknowledging that the approved definition could have far-reaching environmental consequences. A vacation bench led by Chief Justice of India Surya Kant placed the earlier order in abeyance, responding to widespread protests and concerns that the 100-metre elevation criterion could open nearly 90% of the Aravalli range to mining.

Key Points:

• Stay Order - December 29, 2025: In a rare course correction, the Supreme Court on Monday, December 29, 2025, stayed its own November 20, 2025 ruling on the Aravalli Hills definition, placing the Committee's recommendations together with the findings and directions in the earlier judgment in abeyance. The court clarified that the stay would remain in force until the proceedings reach finality, ensuring that no irreversible administrative or ecological measures are undertaken under the current framework. This represents a dramatic turn of events, with the apex court pausing a controversial redefinition that had ignited widespread protests and environmental alarm barely a month after its issuance.
• Suo Motu Cognisance Amid Public Outcry: The Supreme Court took suo motu (on its own) cognisance of the controversy surrounding the Aravalli Hills definition on December 28, 2025 (Saturday), following widespread protests and mounting criticism from environmentalists, opposition parties, scientists, and residents. Public anger spilled onto the streets with protests erupting after the revised definition left vast stretches vulnerable to regulated mining.
• Background - November 20, 2025 Judgment: The controversy stems from the Supreme Court's judgment delivered on November 20, 2025, by a bench led by then Chief Justice of India BR Gavai (also comprising Justice K Vinod Chandran and Justice NV Anjaria). The court had accepted recommendations from a government-appointed expert committee to define the Aravalli Hills uniformly across Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat.
• Environmental Concerns - 90% Exclusion: The November 20 definition was widely criticized as being exclusionary and inconsistent with the Aravalli range's geological and ecological characteristics. According to Forest Survey of India (FSI) internal assessment and mapping cited in the judgment, only 1,048 out of 12,081 identified hills in Rajasthan met the 100-metre height threshold—meaning over 90-91% of the range's hills would lose their protected status under the new definition.
• Court's Recognition of Ambiguities: Chief Justice Surya Kant acknowledged during the December 29 hearing that the earlier definition left room for significant ambiguity, especially regarding whether it broadened "non-Aravalli" areas and reduced the scope of protected areas. The bench expressed concern that the ecological impact of narrowing the definition had not been sufficiently examined. The court cautioned that allowing mining in gaps between hills could irreversibly weaken the range's environmental functions, emphasizing that ecosystems do not function in fragments and the structural integrity of the Aravalli range must be preserved as a whole.
• New High-Powered Expert Committee: The Supreme Court directed the formation of a new High-Powered Expert Committee "comprising domain experts" to critically reassess the earlier committee's report and to clarify the definition of the Aravalli Hills and Ranges. This fresh committee will replace the previous bureaucrat-heavy panel and will be composed of independent scientific experts. The new committee has been tasked with conducting a comprehensive, holistic scientific reassessment of the framework governing protection and potential mining in the region, examining the matter from multiple ecological, geological, and environmental perspectives.
• Five Key Areas for Expert Assessment: The Supreme Court tasked the new High-Powered Committee to investigate and clarify five specific critical areas: (1) Specific Enumeration: A detailed identification of the specific regions/territories that would be covered by the new definition. (2) Territories Excluded: Identification of territories that would be excluded from the Aravalli area under the proposed definition, examining whether such omissions risk erasure or degradation and thereby compromise the ecological integrity of the range. (3) Sustainable Mining Analysis: An analysis of whether "sustainable mining" or "regulated mining" within the newly demarcated Aravalli area, notwithstanding regulatory oversight, would result in any adverse ecological consequences. (4) Definitional Scope Issues: Whether defining the Aravalli Hills and Ranges only as hills above 100 metres with a 500-meter strip between them paradoxically shrinks protection, narrowing the safeguarded area instead of covering the broader ecosystem. (5) Temporal Environmental Impact Assessment: Multi-temporal evaluation of the short-term and long-term environmental impacts resulting from implementation of the recommended definition and its associated directions.

Govt Declares Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary as Eco-Sensitive Zone

In the News: The Government of India has declared the Parvati-Arga Bird Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh as an Eco-Sensitive Zone to protect its unique biodiversity and regulate activities around the protected area for ecological preservation and responsible tourism development.

Key Points:

• Declaration: The Government has officially declared the Parvati-Arga Bird Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh as an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) to strengthen environmental protection.
• Location: The sanctuary is situated in the Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh.
• Sanctuary Size & Habitat: The area covers around 1,084 hectares and consists of wetland habitats that support diverse avifauna.
• Biodiversity Importance: It is home to resident and migratory birds, including species that travel from Central Asia and Tibet during winter, highlighting its ecological significance.
• Objectives of ESZ: The declaration seeks to protect biodiversity by regulating developmental and human activities in the surrounding areas and developing the sanctuary as a responsible ecotourism destination.
• Eco-Sensitive Zone Role: An ESZ acts as a buffer zone around protected areas, regulating activities that could harm the environment, such as industrial projects and unplanned construction, thereby preserving ecological balance.

World’s First ITVISMA Gene Therapy Given in Abu Dhabi

In the News: Abu Dhabi marked a landmark achievement by becoming the first in the world to administer ITVISMA (onasemnogene abeparvovec) gene therapy for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), under the supervision of the Department of Health – Abu Dhabi (DoH), successfully administered this groundbreaking one-time gene therapy developed by Novartis, reinforcing the emirate's position as a global leader in genomics and precision medicine.

Key Points:

• World's First Administration: Abu Dhabi became the first location globally to deliver ITVISMA gene therapy to a patient in late December 2025. The treatment was administered at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), part of SEHA, a subsidiary of PureHealth, marking a historic milestone in advanced healthcare.
• UAE Regulatory Approval: ITVISMA received accelerated approval from the UAE's Emirates Drug Establishment on November 25, 2025, positioning the UAE among the first countries globally—after the United States—to endorse this pioneering treatment. This underscores Abu Dhabi's commitment to bringing cutting-edge medical innovations to patients across the region.
• About ITVISMA Therapy: ITVISMA (onasemnogene abeparvovec) is a one-time gene replacement therapy specifically designed to target the underlying genetic cause of spinal muscular atrophy in patients aged 2 years and older with a confirmed SMN1 gene mutation. The therapy replaces the missing or defective SMN1 gene to improve motor function, reducing the need for continuous treatments required by other therapies.
• About Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA): SMA is a rare genetic neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene on chromosome 5. The condition leads to the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, causing progressive muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and loss of voluntary movement. SMA has an estimated incidence of 1 in 10,000 live births and a carrier frequency of 1 in 40-50 individuals.
• Treatment Mechanism: The therapy works by delivering a functional copy of the SMN1 gene to patients' cells using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. This enables the production of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which is critical for the health and normal function of motor neurons. Without adequate SMN protein, motor neurons die, preventing muscles from receiving proper signals from the brain.
• Government Leadership: Dr. Noura Khamis Al Ghaithi, Undersecretary of the Department of Health – Abu Dhabi, stated: "This milestone reflects Abu Dhabi's commitment to delivering world-class care and strengthening its position as a global leader in healthcare driven by genomics and precision medicine. Our priority remains safeguarding the health of our community members and beyond, ensuring access to cutting-edge therapies for rare diseases."
• Industry Partnership: Mohamed Ezz Eldin, Head of the GCC Cluster at Novartis, noted: Today's milestone is ultimately about patients and families. By working closely with the Department of Health – Abu Dhabi and SKMC, we are proud to support accelerated access to breakthrough therapies such as ITVISMA, and to contribute to Abu Dhabi's growing role as a regional and global reference for advanced neuromuscular care.

Khaleda Zia, Bangladesh’s First Woman Prime Minister, Dies

In the News: Begum Khaleda Zia, Bangladesh's first female Prime Minister and a towering figure in the nation's turbulent politics, passed away at the age of 79-80 at Evercare Hospital in Dhaka following prolonged illness. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) chairperson died at 6:00 AM local time (00:00 GMT), shortly after the Fajr (dawn) prayer, with her son Tarique Rahman and family members by her side. Bangladesh's interim government declared three days of state mourning, with funeral prayers scheduled at the National Parliament building on December 31, 2025, before burial alongside her late husband, assassinated former President Ziaur Rahman

Key Points:

• Historic Significance - First Female Prime Minister: Khaleda Zia was the first female Prime Minister of Bangladesh and the second female Prime Minister in the Muslim world after Pakistan's Benazir Bhutto. She served as Prime Minister of Bangladesh twice: first from 1991 to 1996, and again from 2001 to 2006 (some sources specify 2001-2004 for her second cabinet). She was the chairperson and leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) from 1984 onwards until her death, maintaining this position for over 40 years. The party was founded by her husband, former President Ziaur Rahman, in 1978.
• Husband - President Ziaur Rahman: Her husband, Ziaur Rahman, rose to prominence after Bangladesh's 1971 independence war against Pakistan. He grabbed power as a military chief in 1977 and became President of Bangladesh. In 1978, he formed the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), establishing a political platform centered on nationalism, multi-party democracy, and a market-oriented economy.
• Entry into Politics and Democracy Movement: After her husband's assassination in 1981, Khaleda Zia was silent about politics for years. However, she eventually assumed the chairmanship of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) in 1984, inheriting her husband's political ideology. Her efforts contributed significantly to the ousting of dictator and former army chief H.M. Ershad in 1990, paving the way for democratic elections and civilian government. Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury, former commerce minister in Khaleda's 2001-04 cabinet and current BNP leader, stated: "Her commitment to democracy and her patriotism had a profound impact on party workers."
• Rivalry with Sheikh Hasina - "Battling Begums": Khaleda Zia's archrivalry with Sheikh Hasina, another former Prime Minister and daughter of Bangladesh's independence leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, defined the country's politics for over three decades. The two leaders came to be known as the "battling begums" (begum being an honorific traditionally reserved for Muslim women of authority). Both women fought for democracy against authoritarianism. Their bitter rivalry shaped Bangladeshi politics from 1991 onwards, with power alternating between the two leaders and their parties—Khaleda's BNP and Hasina's Awami League. With Hasina now in exile in India following her ouster in 2024, Khaleda's death on December 30, 2025, closes this more than three-decade-long chapter of the "battling begums" era in Bangladeshi politics.
• Supreme Court Acquittal - January 2025: In January 2025, the Supreme Court of Bangladesh acquitted Khaleda Zia in the last corruption case against her, clearing all charges. On November 27, 2024, she was acquitted in the graft cases. This acquittal would have allowed her to run in the February 2026 general election (some sources refer to it as February 12, 2026). Following her acquittal, various privileges that had been removed by Sheikh Hasina's government were restored: on August 13, 2024, the home ministry restored her police escort privileges (removed in 2015), and on August 19, 2024, her bank accounts (frozen since 2007) were ordered unblocked by the National Board of Revenue.
• International Recognition: On May 24, 2011, the New Jersey State Senate in the United States honored Khaleda Zia as a "Fighter for Democracy," recognizing her contributions to democratic governance and her resistance against authoritarian rule in Bangladesh.
• Characterization as "Mother of Democracy": Despite controversies, Khaleda Zia was widely referred to as the "Mother of Democracy" in Bangladesh for her role in the pro-democracy movement against military dictatorship in the 1980s and her subsequent leadership in establishing multi-party democracy.

Smriti Mandhana Becomes Second Indian to Reach 10,000 International Runs

In the News: Indian vice-captain Smriti Mandhana scripted history by becoming the second Indian woman and fourth overall in women's cricket to reach the landmark of 10,000 runs in international cricket. The 29-year-old left-handed opening batter achieved this historic feat during the fourth T20I of the five-match series against Sri Lanka at the Greenfield International Stadium in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.

Key Points:

• Historic Milestone Achievement - December 28, 2025: Smriti Mandhana completed 10,000 runs in women's international cricket during India's fourth T20I against Sri Lanka at the Greenfield International Stadium in Thiruvananthapuram on Sunday, December 28, 2025. She entered the match needing 27 runs to reach the landmark and achieved it in just 20 deliveries. In the seventh over of Team India's innings, Mandhana drove left-arm spinner Nimasha Meepage down to long-on for a single to complete the historic milestone
• Fastest to 10,000 Runs - Record Speed: Smriti Mandhana became the quickest player to reach 10,000 runs in women's international cricket, achieving the feat in just 281 innings across all three formats (Tests, ODIs, and T20Is). This surpasses the previous records held by other legends: Mithali Raj took 291 innings, Charlotte Edwards required 308 innings, and Suzie Bates needed 314 innings. Mandhana's achievement in 10 fewer innings than Mithali Raj demonstrates her exceptional consistency and scoring rate across formats. The 29-year-old accomplished this milestone in approximately 12 years since her international debut in April 2013, showcasing sustained excellence throughout her career.
• Fastest ODI Century by an Indian - Breaking Virat Kohli's Record: Mandhana rewrote the record books by registering the fastest ODI century by any Indian cricketer (male or female), reaching the milestone in just 50 balls against Australia. This extraordinary achievement surpassed Virat Kohli's long-standing record of 52 balls, which he had also scored against Australia.
• ICC Women's Cricket World Cup 2025 Performance: Mandhana was vice-captain of the Indian team that won the 2025 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup for the first time in history. India defeated South Africa by 52 runs in the final at the DY Patil Stadium in Navi Mumbai on November 2, 2025, with Harmanpreet Kaur becoming the first Indian captain to lift an ICC trophy at home
• Joint Record - Most International Centuries: Smriti Mandhana is now level with Australian great Meg Lanning for the most international centuries in women's cricket, with 17 hundreds each across all formats. During the 2025 World Cup, she scored her 14th WODI century against New Zealand, which made her the joint record holder for most centuries in international cricket along with Lanning (who had 17 at that time).
• T20I Records and Achievements: Earlier in the same series against Sri Lanka in December 2025, Mandhana became the second woman batter globally (after Suzie Bates) and the first Indian to reach 4,000 runs in Women's T20 Internationals.
• First Indian Woman with Centuries in All Three Formats: On June 28, 2025, during a series against England, Smriti Mandhana scored her first WT20I century and became the first Indian woman cricketer to score a century in all three formats of international cricket (Tests, ODIs, and T20Is). This rare achievement demonstrates her versatility and adaptability across different formats of the game, showcasing technical prowess in the longer format (Tests), consistency in ODIs, and explosive power in the shortest format (T20Is). The ability to succeed across all formats is considered one of the hallmarks of complete batters in modern cricket.
• ICC Awards and Recognition: At the 2024 ICC Awards, Mandhana was named ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year and ICC Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year, recognizing her exceptional performances throughout the year. In January 2025, Wisden named her the Women's Leading Cricketer in the World for 2024, one of cricket's most prestigious individual honors. She received the Best International Cricketer award by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in both 2018 and 2025, and was awarded the Arjuna Award by the Government of India in 2019 for excellence in sports.
• Women's Premier League (WPL) Success: In the inaugural auction of the Women's Premier League in February 2023, Mandhana was signed by Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) for ₹34 million (US$400,000), making her the highest-paid player in the auction. She was appointed as the team's captain and led RCB to its maiden WPL title during the 2024 season, finishing as the second-highest run-scorer in the title-winning campaign.
• Comparison with Mithali Raj's Legacy: By becoming the second Indian woman to reach 10,000 international runs, Mandhana is carrying forward the legacy established by Mithali Raj, India's greatest run-scorer who retired with 10,868 runs across formats.

Bhutan’s Sonam Yeshey scripts historic 8-wicket T20I haul

In the News: Bhutan's left-arm spinner Sonam Yeshey created cricket history by becoming the first bowler ever to take eight wickets in a Twenty20 International match. The 22-year-old achieved this unprecedented feat during the third T20I against Myanmar at Gelephu International Cricket Ground in Gelephu Mindfulness City, returning remarkable figures of 8 for 7 from four overs to help Bhutan secure an 82-run victory.

Key Points:

• Historic World Record: Sonam Yeshey became the first bowler—in men's cricket, women's cricket, or any T20 format (international or domestic)—to claim eight wickets in a single T20 match. His final bowling figures of 8 for 7 from four overs (including one maiden) surpassed all previous T20 bowling records and have been officially recognized by the International Cricket Council (ICC).
• Match Details: In the third T20I played on December 26, 2025, at Gelephu International Cricket Ground, Bhutan batted first and scored 127 for 9 in their 20 overs. Yeshey's devastating spell then dismantled Myanmar's batting lineup, bowling them out for just 45 runs in 9.2 overs. Of his eight dismissals, six batters were caught, one was bowled, and one was dismissed leg before wicket (lbw).
• Previous T20I Bowling Records: Before Yeshey's achievement, only two bowlers had taken seven wickets in a men's T20I: Malaysia's Syazrul Idrus (7 for 8 against China in July 2023) and Bahrain's Ali Dawood (7 for 19 against Bhutan in 2025). Even in domestic T20 cricket, seven-wicket hauls were rare, achieved only by Colin Ackermann (7 for 18 for Leicestershire against Birmingham Bears in 2019) and Taskin Ahmed (7 for 19 for Durbar Rajshahi against Dhaka Capitals in 2025).
• Women's T20I Records: In women's T20I cricket, the best bowling figures remain 7 for 0 by Indonesia's Rohmalia against Mongolia in 2024. Four other women have achieved seven-wicket hauls in T20Is: Netherlands' Frederique Overdijk (7 for 3 vs France), Argentina's Alison Stocks (7 for 3 vs Peru), and Cyprus's Samanthi Dunukedeniya (7 for 15 vs Czech Republic).
• Sonam Yeshey's Career: Born on December 3, 2003, Yeshey is a 22-year-old left-arm orthodox spinner who exclusively represents Bhutan in T20 Internationals. He made his T20I debut in July 2022 against Malaysia and immediately impressed with figures of 3 for 16. Following this historic performance, he has taken 38 wickets in 35 T20I matches, establishing himself as a key figure in Bhutan's national cricket team.
• Player of the Match: Yeshey was named Player of the Match for his extraordinary performance of 8 for 7, along with taking 2 catches in the field. His economical and destructive spell is being hailed by the ICC and global cricket community as "a spell for the ages" that has reset the boundaries of excellence in T20I bowling.