Daily Current Affairs- 27th October 2025

Daily Current Affairs- 27th October 2025

Aurangabad Railway Station Renamed Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar

In the News: The Aurangabad Railway Station in Maharashtra was officially renamed as Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Railway Station. This change was formalized through a gazette notification by the Maharashtra government and South Central Railway, marking a significant move to honor Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, the valiant son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, and reinforcing the region's Maratha heritage.

Key Points:

• Renaming Decision:  The renaming follows the earlier change of the city’s name from Aurangabad to Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar in 2022 by the Maharashtra government and thus continues the process of aligning public infrastructure with local historical figures, replacing the colonial-era association with Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. The railway station, established in 1900 during the reign of the seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, now carries the new code ‘CPSN’ under the Nanded Division of South Central Railway.
• Tourism and Regional Impact: Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar remains a hub for heritage tourism with proximity to UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Ajanta and Ellora Caves along with other significant sites like Bibi Ka Maqbara and Daulatabad Fort. The station’s renaming strengthens the connection between infrastructure and cultural tourism, expected to enhance the city’s visibility and attractiveness to travelers both domestic and international.
• Political and Social Context: The move has strong political backing from the current BJP-led Mahayuti government in Maharashtra, which views such renaming as a way to emphasize local identity and collective memory. It is seen as more than symbolic; it reasserts historical narratives and serves as a reconciliation of heritage with modern development, embedding history in everyday public spaces and services.

Justice Surya Kant to Become 53rd Chief Justice of India

In the News: Justice Surya Kant is set to become the 53rd Chief Justice of India, marking a significant milestone in his judicial career. His appointment is anticipated to bring extensive experience and a balanced perspective to the highest judicial office, reinforcing the judiciary's role in upholding the Constitution and delivering justice.

Key Points:

• Appointment Announcement and Background: Justice Surya Kant's elevation as the Chief Justice of India was announced following his distinguished tenure as a Supreme Court judge and previous roles in various high courts. His judicial career is marked by landmark judgments and a commitment to strengthening the rule of law, making him a respected figure in legal circles across India.
• Term and Succession: Justice Surya Kant will succeed the current Chief Justice, assuming office with the responsibility to steer the Supreme Court during pivotal times in India's legal and social landscape. His tenure will focus on judicial reforms, expedited case disposal, and ensuring justice reaches all segments of society efficiently.
• Significance for Indian Judiciary: The appointment of Justice Surya Kant as Chief Justice is seen as a reinforcement of the judiciary's independence and integrity. It signals continuity in the apex court's efforts to address complex legal challenges while upholding democratic values, thereby strengthening public trust in the judicial system.
• Public and Legal Community Response: The legal fraternity and public have warmly welcomed Justice Surya Kant's appointment, recognizing his vast experience and balanced judgment. His leadership is eagerly awaited for its potential to bring innovative judicial management and uphold the principles of justice and equity in India.

India Begins Trishul 2025 Tri-Service Combat Exercise Along Pakistan Border

In the News: India commenced Trishul 2025, a major tri-Service combat exercise along the western frontier with Pakistan. Bringing together the Army, Navy, and Air Force, Trishul aims to validate joint tactics, operational readiness, and multi-domain capabilities amid heightened regional tensions, especially around the disputed Sir Creek sector.

Key Points:

• Exercise Launch and Strategic Context: Trishul 2025 began days after Defence Minister Rajnath Singh issued a stern warning to Pakistan, emphasizing that any misadventure near Sir Creek could invite a decisive, history-changing response. The exercise spans from the deserts of Rajasthan to the marshy estuaries between Gujarat and Pakistan’s Sindh province, integrating over 20,000 personnel, tanks, artillery, attack helicopters, and missile systems for coordinated combat operations by India’s three military services. The drills underscore India’s commitment to readiness at flashpoint borders and strengthen deterrence in a volatile security environment.​
• Operational Integration and Scale: Trishul 2025 is distinguished by its expansive scale and ambitious goals. Land, air, and maritime forces are conducting simultaneous deep-strike maneuvers, amphibious landings off the Saurashtra coast, desert warfare in Rajasthan, and joint command-and-control exercises. The Indian Navy has deployed frigates and destroyers near the Gujarat coastline, while the Air Force is flying Rafale and Sukhoi fighter jets, transport aircraft, airborne early warning systems, and unmanned aerial vehicles to simulate battlefield air superiority and support rapid troop movement.​
• Technology, Weaponry, and Atmanirbharta: The exercise demonstrates India’s progress in defense self-reliance (Atmanirbharta) by deploying indigenous weapon platforms, electronic warfare systems, and unmanned assets in realistic scenarios. Trishul 2025 tests new missile systems, battle tank platforms (T-90S and Arjun), and integrated electronic warfare capabilities, validating joint operations across land, sea, air, and cyber domains in conditions that reflect actual combat challenges.​
• Cross-Border Security Dynamics: The start of Trishul 2025 coincided with Pakistan imposing flight restrictions over central and southern airspace on October 28–29 for parallel military operations or weapons tests, seen as a counter-display of preparedness. This airspace lockdown by both countries highlights how regional exercises can rapidly shift the security calculus and trigger reciprocal deployments reminiscent of earlier standoffs after Operation Sindoor.

Rani Chennamma of Kittur

In the News: The Government of India commemorated the 200th anniversary of Rani Chennamma’s iconic stand against British colonial power in Kittur (1824). Marking the bicentenary, a special ₹200 coin was issued to honor her courage and enduring legacy as one of India’s earliest and most inspiring freedom fighters.

Key Points:

• Historic Victory at Kittur: In October 1824, Rani Chennamma of Kittur led a spirited defense against a British offensive attempting to enforce the Doctrine of Lapse, which sought to annex her kingdom by nullifying the adoption of her son as a legitimate heir. Refusing to submit, she organized her forces, leading to a resounding victory where Collector St. John Thackeray was killed, and the British suffered significant losses, making Chennamma a symbol of resistance.​
• Symbol of Early Resistance: Rani Chennamma’s triumph was not just a military achievement but also a morale-booster across southern India, inspiring other regional rulers and peasants to challenge the expanding British rule. Her leadership demonstrated that Indian women could be formidable figures in armed resistance, and her courage is often cited as one of the earliest organized revolts against the East India Company.​
• British Retaliation and Sacrifice: Despite the initial victory, the British returned with greater force, breaching Kittur Fort in December 1824 after intense fighting. Betrayed from within her ranks and vastly outnumbered, Rani Chennamma was ultimately captured and imprisoned at Bailhongal Fort. Even in captivity, she maintained her dignity—writing letters about her adopted son and her people’s welfare—before passing away in 1829.​
• Legacy and National Honors: Rani Chennamma’s two-century-old saga is celebrated annually during the Kittur Utsava and remains integral to Karnataka’s and India's collective memory. The 2025 release of the ₹200 commemorative coin renewed national attention to her role as a forerunner among Indian women freedom fighters, and her statue stands at the Indian Parliament complex—a lasting tribute to her sacrifice and indomitable will.​
• Inspiration for Future Movements: Chennamma’s stand against colonial injustice foreshadowed later rebellions like the revolt of 1857. Her relentless defense of sovereignty and her status as a pioneering female leader continue to inspire resistance and a sense of pride, especially in the context of India’s ongoing journeys of self-determination and gender equality.​

China’s CR450: World’s Fastest Bullet Train Unveiled

In the News: China officially unveiled the CR450, the world’s fastest bullet train. The CR450 broke global records during pre-service trials by reaching speeds of up to 453 km/h (281 mph), and it is set to enter commercial operation in 2026 with a routine top speed of 400 km/h. The debut of the CR450 showcases China’s rapidly advancing leadership in high-speed rail technology and ambitions to revolutionize superfast travel along major corridors.

Key Points:

• Unveiling and Record-Setting Trials: The prototype CR450 was launched after extensive development and engineering refinements. During pre-service trials on the Shanghai–Chongqing–Chengdu high-speed corridor, the train reached test speeds of 453 km/h—surpassing previous records for conventional rail. The CR450 is slated for passenger service in 2026, following completion of 600,000 kilometers of operational testing. This development reflects China’s goal to outpace global competitors and move from “Made in China” to “Created in China” in rail innovation.​
• Engineering and Design Innovations: The CR450’s engineering breakthroughs revolve around speed, efficiency, and passenger comfort. Major innovations include a 15-metre-long aerodynamic nose cone and lower skirt panels to reduce air drag by 22%, lightweight composite construction that makes the train over 55 tonnes lighter than its predecessors, and a 20-centimeter shorter body. Enhanced traction motors and permanent magnet drive boost energy conversion efficiency by more than 3%. The high-tech structure incorporates over 4,000 onboard sensors for safety and features multi-level emergency braking for stability
• Speed and Environmental Impact: The CR450 is designed for a commercial operating speed of 400 km/h, with a record test speed of 453 km/h. It is 12% lighter, consumes 20% less energy, and offers a 20% improvement in braking performance compared to its predecessor. The reduction in weight and aerodynamic drag means the CR450 achieves a 22% decrease in energy consumption at high speed. These features make it the most energy-efficient train of its class and a major step forward for green mobility.​
• Passenger Experience and Network Integration: China’s vast high-speed rail network, already the world’s most extensive at 46,000 kilometers, will integrate the CR450 for marquee routes like Beijing–Shanghai and Shanghai–Chengdu, slashing travel times and offering a quieter, more spacious ride with advanced noise reduction and cabin comfort systems. The CR450’s rapid acceleration, smooth ride, and advanced technology are intended to set new global benchmarks for passenger experience and rail safety.​
• Technological Milestone and Future Prospects: The CR450 project, spanning five years of precision refinement, is regarded as a leap in conventional wheeled high-speed rail technology. The train’s innovations have set new standards in the field, and with commercial rollout expected in 2026, China is reaffirming its position at the forefront of high-speed transportation “megaprojects” on a global scale.

What is Cyclone Montha? Know About Its Origin, Naming Process, and Meaning

In the News: Cyclone Montha formed over the Bay of Bengal, rapidly drawing attention with red alerts across several Indian coastal states. As the first major storm of the post-monsoon season, authorities initiated large-scale evacuation, suspended trains and flights, and prepared disaster response teams in anticipation of its landfall near Andhra Pradesh’s Kakinada coast.

Key Points:

• Origin and Development: Cyclone Montha originated as a low-pressure area in the southeast Bay of Bengal, intensifying into a depression on October 25. By October 27, it had developed into a cyclonic storm over the southwest and west-central Bay of Bengal, propelled by warm sea surface temperatures and favorable wind patterns typical of post-monsoon cyclones in the region. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) tracked its path as it moved west-northwest at about 10 km/h, forecasting further intensification and landfall on October 28 evening near the Kakinada coast in Andhra Pradesh. At the time of approach, Montha had wind speeds of 90–100 km/h, with gusts reaching up to 110 km/h, prompting warnings for torrential rainfall and severe coastal conditions across Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu.​
• Naming Process: The name ‘Montha’ was selected from a rotating roster maintained by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) panel on tropical cyclones. ‘Montha’ was a submission from Thailand, reflecting the region’s collaborative tradition in storm naming. This structured list allows each cyclone affecting the North Indian Ocean region (including the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) to be assigned a name from the existing lineup in sequence as soon as a system intensifies into a cyclonic storm
• Meaning of the Name: In Thai, ‘Montha’ refers to a 'beautiful flower.' The choice offers a poetic counterpoint to the destructive impact of the cyclone, which is a practice seen in several naming traditions across the region. The intention is to humanize the storms and make communication about them more accessible and less technical, supporting effective public outreach and preparedness campaigns.​
• Preparedness and Impact:  Red and orange alerts were issued, with special emphasis on zero-casualty goals. Fishermen were strictly advised to avoid the sea, and relief teams initiated proactive measures to mitigate likely flooding and storm surge impacts along the Andhra, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu coasts

Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced

In the News: The Government of India announced the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 winners, celebrating exemplary achievements and innovations across science, technology, and allied fields. This national award grew out of the vision to recognize lifetime, recent, young, and team contributions, signalling India’s commitment to world-class scientific progress and research excellence.​

Key Points:

• Award Announcement: The Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 winners were revealed soon after the National Science Day events, drawing national attention to contributions that have expanded India’s scientific horizons. The announcement honored a range of scientists, from lifetime achievers to promising young researchers and institutional teams, underscoring a diverse and merit-based recognition process.​
• Award Structure and Categories: The award is organized into four main categories: Vigyan Ratna for career-long contributions and impact in science, Vigyan Shri for distinguished and recent advances across key disciplines, Vigyan Yuva–Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar for notable scientists under 45 years of age, and Vigyan Team for institutional or collaborative achievements that have created multi-disciplinary impact.​

Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 (Main Individual and Team Awardees)

Award Category	Recipient Name	Domain/Field
Vigyan Ratna	Prof. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar	Physics
Vigyan Shri	Dr. Gyanendra Pratap Singh	Agricultural Science
Vigyan Shri	Dr. Yusuf Mohammad Seikh	Atomic Energy
Vigyan Shri	Dr. K. Thangaraj	Biological Sciences
Vigyan Shri	Prof. Pradeep Thalappil	Chemistry
Vigyan Shri	Prof. Aniruddha Bhalchandra Pandit	Engineering Sciences
Vigyan Shri	Dr. S. Venkata Mohan	Environmental Science
Vigyan Shri	Prof. Mahan Mj	Mathematics & Computer Science
Vigyan Shri	Shri Jayan N	Space Science & Technology
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Dr. Jagdis Gupta Kapuganti	Agricultural Science
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Dr. Satendra Kumar Mangrauthia	Agricultural Science
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Shri Debarka Sengupta	Biological Sciences
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Dr. Deepa Agashe	Biological Sciences
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Dr. Dibyendu Das	Chemistry
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Dr. Waliur Rahaman	Earth Science
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Prof. Arkaprava Basu	Engineering Sciences
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Prof. Sabyasachi Mukherjee	Mathematics & Computer Science
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Prof. Shweta Prem Agrawal	Mathematics & Computer Science
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Dr. Suresh Kumar	Medicine
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Prof. Amit Kumar Agarwal	Physics
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Prof. Surhud Shrikant More	Physics
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Shri Ankur Garg	Space Science & Technology
Vigyan Yuva–SSB	Prof. Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam	Technology & Innovation
Vigyan Team	CSIR Aroma Mission Team	Agricultural Science

• Background and Progression: Since its institution in 2024, the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar has been positioned to create a culture of high professional standards, transparency in selection, and amplified recognition for teamwork. The multi-stage selection process relies on recommendations from scientific societies and the Principal Scientific Adviser, with oversight now involving ministerial review—a topic of policy discussion in recent years regarding autonomy and fairness.

FIFA Launches ASEAN Cup to Boost Southeast Asian Football

In the News: FIFA President Gianni Infantino officially announced the ASEAN Cup in Kuala Lumpur, marking the start of a new football era for Southeast Asia. All 11 Southeast Asian nations will participate, with the inaugural edition scheduled for 2027.

Key Points:

• Official Announcement: The FIFA ASEAN Cup was unveiled by President Gianni Infantino on October 26, 2025, with the launch event hosted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.​
• Participating Nations: The tournament will feature all 11 ASEAN members: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, the Philippines, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Brunei, and Timor-Leste.​
• First Edition Timeline: The inaugural tournament is set for 2027, with future editions occurring biennially.​
• Tournament Format: The Cup is expected to employ a group stage followed by knockout rounds, similar to major international competitions, and matches will rotate across multiple Southeast Asian host cities.​
• Development Impact: FIFA aims to use the ASEAN Cup as a platform for nurturing youth talent, improving coaching standards, and investing in football infrastructure in the region.​